Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: New York
City History Documentary Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11-12, 2026: New York City (New
York, NYC): The History Of New York City: Manhattan:
Manhattanhenges: Sunrise Manhattanhenge Day: -- Sunrise
Manhattanhenge occurs, when the rising Sun's disk is visible above
the horizon as it lines up with the east-west streets of the main
street grid of Manhattan, New York City. Excellent places for
viewing Manhattanhenge are 14th, 23rd, 34th, 42nd, and 57th
Streets. Manhattanhenge, also jocularly called the Manhattan
Solstice, an event during which the setting sun or the rising sun
is aligned with the east-west streets of the main street grid of
Manhattan, New York City. The sunsets and sunrises each align
twice a year, on dates evenly spaced around the summer solstice
and winter solstice. The Summer Solstice 2026 Manhattanhenge dates
are as follows: On May 29, 2026, Half-Sun Manhattanhenge occurs,
when the upper half of the setting Sun's disk is visible above the
horizon; On May 30, 2026, Full-Sun Manhattanhenge occurs, when the
full setting Sun's disk is visible above the horizon; On July 11,
2026, Full-Sun Manhattanhenge occurs, when the full setting Sun's
disk is visible above the horizon; On July 12, 2026, Half-Sun
Manhattanhenge occurs, when the upper half of the setting Sun's
disk is visible above the horizon. On November 29 -30, 2026,
Sunrise Manhattanhenge occurs, when the rising Sund's disk is
visible above the horizon; Sunrise Manhattanhenge repeats on
January 11-12, 2024. The term Manhattanhenge was coined in 1997 by
astrophysicist and native New Yorker Neil deGrasse Tyson of The
American Museum of Natural History in their magazine "Natural
History". It is a reference to Stonehenge, the prehistoric
monument located in Wiltshire, England, which was constructed so
that the rising sun, seen from the center of the monument at the
time of the summer solstice, aligned with the outer "Heel
Stone" of the monument. The precise dates of Manhattanhenge
depend on the date of the summer solstice, which varies from year
to year, but remains close to June 21. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Warner-Pathe Newsreels Video Collection DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Stick
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11: National Milk Day: -- A day
of observance that commemorates the day many think the first milk
deliveries in glass bottles began in the United States. Alexander
Campbell of the New York Dairy Company professed to the New York
State Senate that his company was the first to make these
deliveries in 1878. The United States and Australia export more
milk and milk products than any other country. Those products
include cheese, yogurt, ice cream, butter, cream, powdered milk,
and much more. Throughout the world, more than 6 billion people
consume milk and the products we make from it. One of the reasons
is because milk provides nutrients such as calcium, potassium,
vitamin B12, and vitamin A. During the Middle Ages, people called
milk the virtuous white liquor because alcoholic beverages were
more reliable than water. In 1863, French chemist and biologist
Louis Pasteur made it possible for milk and other food and drinks
to be stored for more extended periods. He developed a method of
killing harmful bacteria that is now called pasteurization. In
1884, an American doctor, Hervey Thatcher of New York City,
developed the first modern glass milk bottle. He called it the
"Thatcher's Common Sense Milk Jar." He used a waxed
paper disk to seal the milk in the glass bottle. Later, in 1932,
plastic-coated paper milk cartons were introduced commercially as
a consequence of their invention by Victor W. Farris. The females
of all mammal species can, by definition, produce milk. However,
cow milk dominates commercial production. In 2011. FAO estimates
cows produced 85% of all milk worldwide. Apart from cattle, many
kinds of livestock contribute milk used by humans for dairy
products. These animals include buffalo, goat, sheep, camel,
donkey, horse, reindeer, and yak. Like cattle, their milk produces
cream, butter, yogurt, kefir, ice cream, and cheese, too. The
ultimate way to celebrate is with a large glass of milk. However,
a serving of anything made with milk would count, too! Does a
milkshake sound good to you? You can: Make your own cheese; Add
chocolate, strawberry, and malted flavorings to your milk. Then
blindfold the kids and have a milk tasting; Invite a friend for
homemade hot chocolate; While drinking your milk, learn more about
the nutrients in milk; and Use #NationalMilkDay to post on social
media. In 1915, The International Association of Milk Inspectors
submitted a request to Congress in October of 1915 for a
resolution naming an observance of National Milk Day. Their
request did not suggest a date for the observance. We have no
record that the incoming Congress ever presented a resolution for
National Milk Day, nor did incoming President Woodrow Wilson ever
declare the day. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Butt Out:
The Life & Death Of TV Cigarette Advertising DVD, MP4, USB
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11: Cigarettes Are Hazardous To
Your Health Day: -- January 11, 1964: Surgeon General of the
United States Dr. Luther Terry, M.D., publishes the landmark
report "Smoking And Health: Report Of The Advisory Committee
To The Surgeon General Of The United States", saying that
smoking may be hazardous to health, the first such official
government report, sparking national and worldwide anti-smoking
efforts. The report's conclusions were almost entirely focused on
the negative health effects of cigarette smoking. It found that
cigarette smokers had a seventy percent increase in age-corrected
mortality rate; that cigarette smoke was the primary cause of
chronic bronchitis; and a correlation between smoking, emphysema,
and heart disease. In addition, it reported a causative link
between smoking and a ten- to twenty-fold increase in the
occurrence of lung cancer, and a positive correlation between
pregnant women who smoke and underweight newborns. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Glories Of
Medieval Art: The Cloisters DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11: Heritage Treasures Day
(United Kingdom): -- The perfect day to let everyone know about
your unique heritage. It's also a day to preserve monuments and
raise funds for iconic landmarks all over the globe. Conserving
wildlife is also part of this day. By raising awareness and
educating others about these structures and creatures, we
celebrate who we are, where we have come from, and how we are all
connected. The Heritage Fund is the largest dedicated grant funder
of the U.K.'s heritage working to champion the value of heritage
for everyone. Anything from the past that is valuable and worthy
to pass on to future generations can be considered heritage.
Positive things happen when we share, understand, and value our
heritage. Cultural heritage includes physical structures or
locations such as historic buildings and archaeological sites.
Artifacts maintained and transmitted by generations into society
are also considered cultural heritage, like sculptures, paintings,
and books. These are called tangible cultures. It's not just
monuments and objects though. Some examples of intangible cultural
heritage are living expressions passed down from our ancestors
such as performing arts, traditional skills, and oral traditions.
Customs, rituals, ceremonies, arts, crafts, music, and politics,
as well as ideological beliefs that influence culture and
behavior, are all part of it. So are folklore, traditions, and
language. These are all important in maintaining cultural
diversity. Natural heritage is the natural characteristics and
physiological and geological formations that make up the habitat
of endangered species of plants and animals. It also includes
natural areas of value to conservation, science, or natural
beauty. Since its inception, the Heritage Fund through the
National Lottery has donated approximately 9.4 billion dollars to
support over 40,000 projects. With multiple funding programs, each
provides different amounts for the funding of different projects.
Heritage Treasures Day lauds their work and raises awareness
regarding the importance of preserving our shared history not just
in the U.K., but throughout the world. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: American
Revolutionary War Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1755: #BOTD: #HBD! Alexander
Hamilton, Founding Father Of The United States, American military
commander, legal scholar, lawyer, banker, politician, statesman,
and economist (d. July 12, 1804) is #born in the British West
Indies. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S.
Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial
system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and
the New York Post newspaper. As the first secretary of the
treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of
George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the
federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as
establishing the nation's first two de facto central banks, the
Bank of North America and the First Bank of the United States, a
system of tariffs, and friendly trade relations with Britain. His
vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous
executive branch, a strong commercial economy,
government-controlled banks, support for manufacturing, and a
strong military. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown,
Nevis. He was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous
merchant. When he reached his teens, he was sent to New York to
pursue his education. He took an early role in the militia as the
American Revolutionary War began. In 1777, he became a senior aide
to General Washington in running the new Continental Army. After
the war, he was elected as a representative from New York to the
Congress of the Confederation. He resigned to practice law and
founded the Bank of New York before entering politics. Hamilton
was a leader in seeking to replace the weak confederal government
under the Articles Of Confederation; he led the Annapolis
Convention of 1786, which spurred Congress to call a
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. He helped ratify the
Constitution by writing 51 of the 85 installments of The
Federalist Papers, which are still used as one of the most
important references for Constitutional interpretation. Hamilton
led the Treasury Department as a trusted member of President
Washington's first Cabinet. Hamilton successfully argued that the
implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to
fund the national debt, to assume states' debts, and to create the
government-backed Bank of the United States (the First Bank of the
United States). These programs were funded primarily by a tariff
on imports, and later by a controversial whiskey tax. He opposed
friendly relations with the French revolutionaries. Hamilton's
views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed
to the Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison. In 1795, he returned to the practice of law in New
York. He called for mobilization against the French First Republic
in 1798-99 under President John Adams, and became Commanding
General of the U.S. Army, which he reconstituted, modernized, and
readied for war. The army did not see combat in the Quasi-War, and
Hamilton was outraged by Adams' diplomatic approach to the crisis
with France. His opposition to Adams' re-election helped cause the
Federalist Party defeat in 1800. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for
the presidency in the electoral college, and Hamilton helped to
defeat Burr, whom he found unprincipled, and to elect Jefferson
despite philosophical differences. Hamilton continued his legal
and business activities in New York City, and was active in ending
the legality of the international slave trade. Vice President Burr
ran for governor of New York State in 1804, and Hamilton
campaigned against him as unworthy. Taking offense, Burr
challenged him to a duel on July 11, 1804, in which Burr shot and
mortally wounded Hamilton, who died the following day. He is
buried in Trinity Church Cemetery at 74 Trinity Place, near Wall
Street and Broadway. His wife Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton was
buried near him 50 years later. Known as The Burr-Hamilton Duel,
it was fought in Weehawken, New Jersey, the culmination of a long
and bitter rivalry between the two men. Hamilton shot first, only
to miss and hit a tree directly behind Burr, who then responded by
shooting and mortally wounding Hamilton, who was carried to the
home of William Bayard, where he died the next day. The duel was
the final skirmish of a long conflict between
Democratic-Republicans and Federalists. The conflict began in 1791
when Burr won a United States Senate seat from Philip Schuyler,
Hamilton's father-in-law, who would have supported Federalist
policies. (Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury at the
time.) The Electoral College then deadlocked in the election of
1800, during which Hamilton's maneuvering in the House of
Representatives caused Thomas Jefferson to be named president and
Burr vice-president. When it became clear that Jefferson would
drop Burr from his ticket in the 1804 election, Vice President
Burr ran for the governorship of New York instead. Hamilton
campaigned vigorously against Burr, who was running as an
independent, causing him to lose to Morgan Lewis, a
Democratic-Republican endorsed by Hamilton. Both men had been
involved in duels in the past. Hamilton had been a principal in 10
"shotless" (averted) duels prior to his fatal encounter
with Burr, including James Monroe in 1797. Hamilton also claimed
that he had one previous honor dispute with Burr; Burr stated that
there were two. It was Burr who challenged Hamilton. Hamilton is
generally regarded as an astute and intellectually brilliant
politician and financier, if often impetuous. His ideas are
credited with laying the foundation for American government and
finance. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Hippie
Temptation (1967) w/ Harry Reasoner DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1906: #BOTD: #HBD! Albert
Hofmann, Swiss chemist, scientist and academic, the first person
to isolate, synthesize, ingest, name and learn of the psychedelic
effects of both LSD and the principal psychedelic mushroom
compounds psilocybin and psilocin (d. April 29, 2008) is #born in
Baden, Switzerland. Albert Hofmann authored more than 100
scientific articles and numerous books, including LSD: Mein
Sorgenkind (LSD: My Problem Child). In 2007, he shared first place
with Tim Berners-Lee in a list of the 100 greatest living
geniuses, published by The Daily Telegraph newspaper. On April 16,
1943, he accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic effects of the
research drug LSD he synthesized from lysergic acid, a chemical
from the fungus ergot. Hofmann joined the pharmaceutical-chemical
department of Sandoz Laboratories, located in Basel, as a
co-worker with professor Arthur Stoll, founder and director of the
pharmaceutical department. He began studying the medicinal plant
squill and the fungus ergot as part of a program to purify and
synthesize active constituents for use as pharmaceuticals. His
main contribution was to elucidate the chemical structure of the
common nucleus of Scilla glycosides (an active principle of
Mediterranean squill). While researching lysergic acid
derivatives, Hofmann first synthesized LSD on November 16, 1938.
The main intention of the synthesis was to obtain a respiratory
and circulatory stimulant (an analeptic). It was set aside for
five years, until April 16, 1943, when Hofmann decided to take a
second look at it. While re-synthesizing LSD, he accidentally
absorbed a small amount of the drug and discovered its powerful
effects. He described what he felt as being "...affected by a
remarkable restlessness, combined with a slight dizziness. At home
I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant intoxicated-like
condition, characterized by an extremely stimulated imagination.
In a dreamlike state, with eyes closed (I found the daylight to be
unpleasantly glaring), I perceived an uninterrupted stream of
fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense,
kaleidoscopic play of colors. After about two hours this condition
faded away." Three days later, on what is now commemorated as
"Bicycle Day" Hofmann ingested 0.25 milligrams (250
micrograms) of the substance on April 19, 1943. Between one and
two hours later, Hofmann experienced slow and gradual changes in
his perception. He asked his laboratory assistant to escort him
home. As was customary in Basel, they made the journey by bicycle.
On the way, Hofmann's condition rapidly deteriorated as he
struggled with feelings of anxiety, alternating in his beliefs
that the next-door neighbor was a malevolent witch, that he was
going insane, and that the LSD had poisoned him. When the house
doctor arrived, however, he could detect no physical
abnormalities, save for a pair of widely dilated pupils. Hofmann
was reassured, and soon his terror began to give way to a sense of
good fortune and enjoyment, as he later wrote: "... Little by
little I could begin to enjoy the unprecedented colors and plays
of shapes that persisted behind my closed eyes. Kaleidoscopic,
fantastic images surged in on me, alternating, variegated, opening
and then closing themselves in circles and spirals, exploding in
colored fountains, rearranging and hybridizing themselves in
constant flux ..." The events of this first LSD trip, now
known as "Bicycle Day", after the bicycle ride home,
proved to Hofmann that he had indeed made a significant discovery:
a psychoactive substance with extraordinary potency, capable of
causing significant shifts of consciousness in incredibly low
doses. (The term trip was first coined by US Army scientists
during the 1950s when they were experimenting with LSD.) Hofmann
foresaw the drug as a powerful psychiatric tool; because of its
intense and introspective nature, he could not imagine anyone
using it recreationally. LSD was sold as a medication for research
purposes under the trade-name Delysid beginning in the 1950s; it
ceased selling it in the 1960s. After World War II English
psychiatrist Humphry Osmond began using LSD as a form of
psychedelic psychotherapy. In 1956, seeking a name for the
experience induced by LSD, Osmond contacted Aldous Huxley, a
personal acquaintance and a fellow advocate for the therapeutic
use of the substance. Huxley coined the term "phanerothyme,"
from the Greek terms for "manifest" and "spirit".
In a letter to Osmond, he wrote "To make this mundane world
sublime, Take half a gram of phanerothyme", to which Osmond
responded "To fathom Hell or soar angelic, Just take a pinch
of psychedelic". It was on this term that Osmond eventually
settled -- combining the ancient greek words psych (soul, mind)
and delein (to manifest), with the meaning "mind manifesting"
-- because it was "clear, euphonious and uncontaminated by
other associations." In the 1950s, the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) believed that the drug might be useful for mind
control, so they tested it on people, some without their
knowledge, in a program called MKUltra. Lysergic acid diethylamide
(LSD), also known as acid, is a hallucinogenic drug. Effects
typically include altered thoughts, feelings, and awareness of
one's surroundings. Many users see or hear things that do not
exist. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased
body temperature are typical. Effects typically begin within half
an hour and can last for up to 12 hours. It is used mainly as a
recreational drug and as an entheogen (consciousness-altering
drug) for spiritual reasons. LSD does not appear to be addictive,
although tolerance may occur with use of increasing doses. Adverse
psychiatric reactions are possible, such as anxiety, paranoia, and
delusions. Distressing flashbacks might occur in spite of no
further use, a condition called hallucinogen persisting perception
disorder. Death is very rare as a result of LSD, though it
occasionally occurs in accidents. The effects of LSD are believed
to occur as a result of alterations in the serotonin system. As
little as 20 micrograms can produce an effect. In pure form, LSD
is clear or white in color, has no smell, and is crystalline. It
breaks down with exposure to ultraviolet light. About 10 percent
of people in the United States have used LSD at some point in
their lives as of 2017, while 0.7 percent have used it in the last
year. It was most popular in the 1960s to 1980s. LSD is typically
either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is most often sold
on blotter paper and less commonly as tablets or in gelatin
squares. There is no known treatment for addiction, if it occurs.
LSD was listed as a schedule 1 controlled substance by the United
Nations in 1971. It currently has no approved medical use. In
Europe, as of 2011, the typical cost of a dose was between 4.50 -
25 Euros. Albert Hofmann died at the age of 102 from a heart
attack in Burg im Leimental, Switzerland. His burial details are
not publicly disclosed. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle
Of Dien Bien Phu Documentaries DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11: 1907: #BOTD: #HBD! Pierre
Mendes France, French lawyer and politician, 143rd Prime Minister
of France who served for eight months from 1954 to 1955 whose top
priority was ending the Indochina War (d. October 18, 1982) is
#born Pierre Isaac Isidore Mendes France in Paris, France. Known
as PMF, Pierre Mendes France was a member of the Radical Party,
and he headed a government supported by a coalition of Gaullists
(RPF), moderate socialists (UDSR), Christian democrats (MRP) and
liberal-conservatives (CNIP). His main concern was ending the
Indochina War, which had already cost 92,000 dead, 114,000 wounded
and 28,000 captured on the French side. Public opinion polls
showed that, in February 1954, only 7% of the French people wanted
to continue the fight to regain Indochina out of the hands of the
Communists, led by Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh movement. At the
1954 Geneva Conference, Mendes France negotiated a deal that gave
the Viet Minh control of Vietnam north of the seventeenth
parallel, and allowed him to pull out all French forces. He is
considered one of the most prominent statesmen of the French
Fourth Republic. Pierre Mendes France died in Paris, France aged
75. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Murphy's
Law: An Investigative Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1918: #BOTD: #HBD! Edward A.
Murphy Jr., American aircraft pilot and aerospace engineer who
worked on safety-critical systems, best known for his namesake
"Murphy's Law", which is said to state, "Anything
that can go wrong will go wrong" (d. July 17, 1990) is #born
Edward Aloysius Murphy Jr. in the Panama Canal Zone. The eldest of
five children, he graduating the United States Military Academy at
West Point in 1940, after attending high school in New Jersey. The
same year he accepted a commission into the United States Army,
and undertook pilot training with the United States Army Air Corps
in 1941. During World War II he served in the Pacific Theater,
India, China and Burma (now known as Myanmar), achieving the rank
of major. Following the end of hostilities, in 1947 Murphy
attended the United States Air Force Institute of Technology,
becoming R & D Officer at the Wright Air Development Center of
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. It was while here that he became
involved in the high-speed rocket sled experiments (USAF project
MX981, 1949) which led to the coining of Murphy's law. Murphy
himself was reportedly unhappy with the commonplace interpretation
of his law, which is seen as capturing the essential "cussedness"
of inanimate objects. Murphy regarded the law as crystallizing a
key principle of defensive design, in which one should always
assume worst-case scenarios. Murphy was said by his son to have
regarded the many jocular versions of the law as "ridiculous,
trivial and erroneous".In 1952, having resigned from the
United States Air Force, Murphy carried out a series of rocket
acceleration tests at Holloman Air Force Base, then returned to
California to pursue a career in aircraft cockpit design for a
series of private contractors. He worked on crew escape systems
for some of the most famous experimental aircraft of the 20th
century, including the F-4 Phantom II, the XB-70 Valkyrie, the
SR-71 Blackbird, the B-1 Lancer, and the X-15 rocket plane. During
the 1960s, he worked on safety and life support systems for
Project Apollo, and ended his career with work on pilot safety and
computerized operation systems on the Apache helicopter. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hitler:
The Whole Story (Hitler A Career) MP4 Video Download 2 DVD Set
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1923: The Aftermath Of World
War I: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
Political Violence In Germany (1918-1933): The Occupation Of The
Ruhr: -- Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to
force Germany to make its World War I reparation payments. The
troops stayed in the Ruhr until 1925 while Germany and the Allies
mutually squabbled over whether or not the terms exacted on
Germany by the Versailles Treaty were just, enforceable and/or
payable. It took the Dawes Plan, proposed by the Dawes Committee
chaired by American Charles G. Dawes in 1924, to bring the French
and Belgians to agree to lower payments and to recall their
troops. Dawes, who became the American Vice President under Calvin
Coolidge, is best remembered in today's popular culture for his
composition "Melody in A Major", which became a
well-known piano and violin song in 1912, and later as the basis
for the 1958 hit song "It's All In The Game" by Tommy
Edwards. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Race
For Space 1961 Historic Soviet Space Films DVD, Download, USB
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1928: #BOTD: #HBD! David L.
Wolper, American director and producer (d. August 10, 2010) is
#born David Lloyd Wolper in New York City, into an eastern
European Jewish family. He was an American television and film
producer, responsible for shows such as Roots, The Thorn Birds,
North and South, L.A. Confidential, and the blockbuster Willy
Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971). He also produced numerous
documentaries and documentary series including Biography
(1961-63), The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (TV), Appointment
with Destiny (TV series), This is Elvis, Four Days in November,
Imagine: John Lennon, Visions of Eight (1973), and others. Wolper
directed the 1959 documentary The Race for Space, which was
nominated for an Academy Award. His 1971 film (as executive
producer) about the study of insects, The Hellstrom Chronicle, won
an Academy Award. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Amelia
Earhart Documentary Biography DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1935: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Transcontinental Flight: The History
Of Transpacific Flight: The First Hawaii To California Solo Flight
By Amelia Earhart: -- Amelia Earhart becomes the first person,
male or female, to fly solo from Hawaii to California, flying from
Honolulu to Oakland. Although this transoceanic flight had been
attempted by many others, notably by the unfortunate participants
in the 1927 Dole Air Race that had reversed the route, her
trailblazing flight had been mainly routine, with no mechanical
breakdowns. In her final hours, she even relaxed and listened to
the broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera from New York perform
extracts fo Richard Wagner's opera Tannhauser. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Television: A History Of Broadcast TV DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1949: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Television Premieres: United States Television
Premieres: -- The first networked television broadcasts occur as
WDTV (W DuMont TeleVision, now known as KDKA-TV) in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania first goes on the air on channel, while
simultaneously connecting the east coast and mid-west programming
on the DuMont Television Network, while also featuring live
segments from CBS, NBC and ABC. WDTV was the 51st television
station in the U.S., the third and last station owned and operated
by DuMont to sign on the air, behind WABD (later WNEW-TV, now
WNYW) in New York City and WTTG in Washington, D.C., and the first
owned-and-operated station in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. To
mark the occasion, a live television special aired that day from
8:30 to 11 p.m. on WDTV. The program began with a one-hour local
program broadcast from Syria Mosque in Pittsburgh, and the
remainder of the program featured live segments from Dumont, CBS,
NBC and ABC with Arthur Godfrey, Milton Berle, DuMont host Ted
Steele, and many other celebrities. The station also represented a
milestone in the television industry, providing the link between
the Midwestern and East Coast stations which included 13 other
cities able to receive live telecasts from Boston to St. Louis for
the first time. WDTV was one of the last stations to receive a
construction permit before the Federal Communications
Commission-imposed four-year freeze on new television station
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Guns,
Tanks & Gorbachev: The 1991 Baltic Crackdown DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11, 1991: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991) (The End Of The
Cold War): The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union: The Revolutions Of
1989 (The Fall Of Nations, The Autumn Of Nations, The Fall Of
Communism): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist
Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Baltic States Under Soviet Rule: The
Singing Revolution: Act Of The Re-Establishment Of The State Of
Lithuania: The January Events: -- The January Events in Lithuania
(Lithuanian: Sausio Ivykiai) (January 11-13, 1991), the aftermath
of the Act Of The Re-Establishment Of The State Of Lithuania,
begins on a Friday morning, centered in its capital, Vilnius,
along with related actions in its suburbs and in the cities of
Alytus, Siauliai, Varena, and Kaunas, when Chairman of the
Parliament Vytautas Landsbergis and Prime Minister Albertas
Simenas were presented with an ultimatum from the so-called
"Democratic Congress Of Lithuania" (Soviet loyalists)
demanding that they comply with Gorbachev's request that the
constitution of the USSR in Lithuania be restored by 15:00 that
day. At 11:50, Soviet military units seize the National Defence
Department building in Vilnius; at 12:00, Soviet military units
surround and seize the Press House building in Vilnius. Soldiers
useed live ammunition against civilians and several people were
hospitalized, some with bullet wounds; 12:15: Soviet paratroopers
seized the regional building of the National Defence Department in
Alytus; 12:30: Soviet military units seized the regional building
of the National Defence Department in Siauliai. 15:00: In a press
conference held in the building of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Lithuania, the head of the Ideological Division
Juozas Jermalavicius announces the creation of the "National
Salvation Committee of Lithuanian SSR" and that from now on
it will be the only legitimate government in Lithuania; 16:40:
Minister of Foreign Affairs Algirdas Saudargas sens a diplomatic
note to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union in
which he expresses his concerns about Soviet army violence in
Lithuania; 21:00: Soviet military units seize a TV re-transmission
center in Nemencine; and 23:00: Soviet military units seize the
dispatcher's office of the Vilnius railway station. Railway
traffic is disrupted but restored several hours later. =========
The following day, Saturday January 12, 1991, during an overnight
session of the Supreme Council, Speaker Landsbergis announced that
he had tried to call Gorbachev three times, but was unsuccessful.
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union, General Vladislav
Achalov, arrived in Lithuania and took control of all military
operations. People from all over Lithuania started to encircle the
main strategic buildings: the Supreme Council, the Radio and
Television Committee, the Vilnius TV Tower and the main telephone
exchange. At 00:30, Soviet military units seized the base of the
Lithuanian SSR Special Purpose Detachment of Police (OMON) in a
suburb of Vilnius; 04:30: Soviet military units unsuccessfully
tried to seize the Police Academy building in Vilnius; 11:20:
Armed Soviet soldiers attacked a border-line post near Varena;
14:00 - A Soviet military truck collided with a civilian vehicle
in Kaunas. One person died and three were hospitalized with
serious injuries. Vilnius residents carried food to passengers in
stalled trucks on strike; 22:00: A column of Soviet military
vehicles was spotted leaving a military base in Vilnius and moving
towards the city centre. Employees of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of Lithuania instructed special worker groups
(druzhinas) to be ready "for special events"; 23:00 - An
unknown group of individuals, who claimed to be part of the
National Salvation Committee, declared at the Supreme Council that
it is their duty to take over Lithuania to avoid an economic
meltdown and a fratricidal war. ========= On the final day,
January 13, 1991, Another column of military vehicles (including
tanks and BMPs) was spotted leaving the military base and heading
toward the TV tower at 00:00; at 01:25, upon arrival in the
vicinity of the TV tower, tanks start to fire blank rounds; 01:50:
Tanks and soldiers encircle the TV tower. Soldiers fire live
ammunition overhead and into civilian crowds gathered around the
building. Tanks drive straight through lines of people. Fourteen
people are killed in the attack, most of them shot and two crushed
by tanks. One Soviet Alfa Group member (Viktor Shatskikh) is
killed by friendly fire. Loudspeakers on several BMPs transmit the
voice of Juozas Jermalavicius: "Broliai lietuviai,
nacionalistu ir separatistu vyriausybe, kuri priespastate save
liaudziai, nuversta. Eikite pas savo tevus, vaikus!"
("Brother Lithuanians! The nationalist and separatist
government, which confronted the people has been overthrown! Go
[home] to your parents and children!"); 02:00: BMPs and tanks
surround the Radio and Television Committee building. Soldiers
fire live ammunition into the building, over the heads of the
civilian crowds. The live television broadcast was hosted by Egle
Bucelyte and later terminated. The last pictures transmitted are
of a Soviet soldier running toward the camera and switching it
off; 02:30: A small TV studio from Kaunas came on air
unexpectedly. A technician of the family program that usually
broadcast from Kaunas once a week was on the air, calling for
anyone who could help to broadcast to the world in as many
different languages as possible about the Soviet army and tanks
killing unarmed people in Lithuania. Within an hour, the studio
was filled with several university professors broadcasting in
several languages. The studio received a threatening phone call
from the Soviet army division of Kaunas (possibly the 7th Guards
Airborne Division of the VDV). The second phone call from the
Soviet army division followed shortly, with a commander stating
that "they would not try to take over the studio so long as
no misinformation is given". This was all broadcast live. The
Kaunas TV station was using Juragiai and Sitkunai transmitters as
retranslators. Following these two attacks, large crowds (20,000
during the night, more than 50,000 in the morning) of independence
supporters gathered around the Supreme Council building. People
started building anti-tank barricades and setting up defences
inside surrounding buildings. Provisional chapels were set up
inside and outside the Supreme Council building. Members of the
crowd prayed, sang and shouted pro-independence slogans. Despite
columns of military trucks, BMPs and tanks moving into the
vicinity of the Supreme Council, Soviet military forces retreated
instead of attacking. Among the members of the barricade were two
basketball players who would later play for the Lithuanian
national team, Gintaras Einikis and Alvydas Pazdrazdis.
Immediately after the attacks, the Lithuanian Supreme Council
issued a letter to the people of the Soviet Union and to the rest
of the world denouncing the attacks and calling for foreign
governments to recognise that the Soviet Union had committed an
act of aggression against a sovereign nation. Following the first
news reports from Lithuania, the government of Norway appealed to
the United Nations. The government of Poland expressed their
solidarity with the people of Lithuania and denounced the actions
of the Soviet army. The reaction from the United States government
was somewhat muted as the U.S. itself was heavily preoccupied with
the imminent onset of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq and
worried about possible wider consequences if they were to offend
the Soviets at that critical juncture. President George H.W. Bush
denounced the incident, but was notably careful not to criticize
Gorbachev directly, instead directing his remarks at "Soviet
leaders." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Remember When: It'll Never Fly w/ Dick Cavett Inventions DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, January 11, 2026
January 11: National Learn Your Name in
Morse Code Day: -- Morse code is a method of telecommunication
used to encode messages in a sequence called dashes and dots - or
dits and dahs - which sound like clicks. There is an International
Morse Code, based on the basic Latin alphabet with extra Latin
letters, Arabic numerals, and punctuation. Each character in
International Morse Code is represented by a unique sequence of
dots and dashes. Morse code can, to the trained person, be heard
or seen. The National Learn Your Name In Morse Code Day is
celebrated every January 11. There is no record of how this day
originated, or by whom. Samuel Morse created the system in the
1830s with the help of his assistant Alfred Lewis Vail. Morse code
was later improved by an American scientist, Joseph Henry. They
were the ones who modified this electronic mode of communication
and unveiled it on Jan 11, 1838. Telecommunications began to
evolve, and the Morse Code system became pivotal during the World
Wars. During WWII, Morse Code was used between warships and naval
bases, because radio frequency was limited and easily identifiable
by military enemies. The U.S. military still trains a number of
its recruits on this old communication system, since it may prove
useful should all other communication systems fail in a time of
need. While the use of Morse code may not be what it was, its
legacy still lives on. Romantic notions of Morse code arose with
the idea that spies and smugglers used it for their operations.
Morse code was used as a standard for maritime distress until
1999, with only the popular "S.O.S" remaining in
people's memories. The main use of the Morse code these days is
within ham radio or amateur radio clubs. When using the Morse
code, widespread use is made of abbreviations and codes. The codes
are quickly learned. In many cases, free training is given by ham
radio enthusiasts.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1843: #DOTD: #RIP: Francis
Scott Key, American lawyer, author and poet, 4th United States
Attorney for the District of Columbia, best known for writing a
poem which later became the lyrics for the United States' national
anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" (b. August 1, 1779)
#dies at the home of his daughter Elizabeth Howard in Baltimore
from pleurisy at the age of 63. He was initially interred in Old
Saint Paul's Cemetery in the vault of John Eager Howard but in
1866, his body was moved to his family plot in Frederick at Mount
Olivet Cemetery. The Key Monument Association erected a memorial
in 1898 and the remains of both Francis Scott Key and his wife,
Mary Tayloe Lloyd, were placed in a crypt in the base of the
monument. Francis Scott Key was born in Frederick County,
Maryland. Key's father John Ross Key was a lawyer, a commissioned
officer in the Continental Army, and a judge of English descent.
His mother Ann Phoebe Dagworthy Charlton was born (February 6,
1756-1830), to Arthur Charlton, a tavern keeper, and his wife,
Eleanor Harrison of Frederick in the colony of Maryland. Key grew
up on the family plantation Terra Rubra in Frederick County,
Maryland (now Carroll County). He graduated from St. John's
College, Annapolis, Maryland, in 1796 and read law under his uncle
Philip Barton Key who was loyal to the British Crown during the
War of Independence. He married Mary Tayloe Lloyd on January 1,
1802, daughter of Edward Lloyd IV of Wye House (a historic
residence and former headquarters of a forced-labor farm northwest
of Easton in rural Talbot County, Maryland) and Elizabeth Tayloe,
daughter of John Tayloe II of Mount Airy and sister of John Tayloe
III of The Octagon House (at 1799 New York Avenue, Northwest in
the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. After the
British destroyed the White House during the War Of 1812, the
house served as the temporary residence of James Madison,
President of the United States, for a period of six months. It is
one of only four houses to serve as the Presidential residence in
the history of the United States of America and one of only two
(along with the White House) that still stand today). During the
War Of 1812, Key observed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry
during The Battle Of Baltimore in Maryland in 1814. Key was
inspired upon viewing the American flag still flying over the fort
at dawn, and wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry",
which was published a week later. The poem was adapted to the tune
of the popular song "To Anacreon in Heaven." The song
with Key's lyrics became known as "The Star-Spangled Banner,"
and slowly gained in popularity as an unofficial anthem over the
years, finally achieving official status a century later under
President Woodrow Wilson as the United States national anthem. Key
was a lawyer in Maryland and Washington D.C. for four decades, and
worked on important cases like the Burr conspiracy trial, and
argued numerous times before the U.S. Supreme Court. Nominated for
U.S. attorney by President Andrew Jackson, he served from 1833 to
1841. Key owned slaves from 1800 but freed them in the 1830s,
paying one ex-slave as his farm foreman. Key publicly criticized
slavery and gave free legal representation to some slaves seeking
freedom, but also represented owners of runaway slaves as well.
Representing both slaves and slave owners is emblematic of his
complex relationship with slavery. As District Attorney, Key
suppressed abolitionists and didn't support an immediate end to
slavery. Instead he supported "recolonizing Africa"
which meant sending freed slaves back to Africa. Key was a devout
Episcopalian. He was also an author of poetry, and often wrote on
religious themes. It has been speculated that the U.S. motto "In
God We Trust" was adapted from a line in the fourth stanza of
the "Star-Spangled Banner".
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lincoln
And The War Within: Election To Ft. Sumter DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1861: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Secession Of The
Southern States Of America: The Secession Of Alabama From The
United States Of America: -- In reaction to the election of
Abraham Lincoln as President, Alabama becomes the fourth state to
secede from the United States. By 1856, the South had lost control
of Congress, and was no longer able to silence calls for an end to
slavery, which came mostly from the more populated, free states of
the North. The Republican Party, founded in 1854, pledged to stop
the spread of slavery beyond those states where it already
existed. After Abraham Lincoln was elected the first Republican
president in 1860, seven cotton states - South Carolina,
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas
respectively - declared their secession and formed the Confederate
States of America before Lincoln was inaugurated. The United
States government, both outgoing and incoming, refused to
recognize the Confederacy, and when the new Confederate President
Jefferson Davis ordered his troops to open fire on Fort Sumter in
April 1861, there was an overwhelming demand, North and South, for
war. Only the state of Kentucky attempted to remain neutral, but
it could only do so briefly until it chose to remain in the Union.
When Lincoln called for troops to suppress what he referred to as
"combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary"
judicial or martial means, four more states - Virginia, Arkansas,
Tennessee and North Carolina - decided to secede and join the
Confederacy, which then moved its capital to Richmond, Virginia.
Residents of the western counties of Virginia did not wish to
secede along with the rest of the state. This section of Virginia
was admitted into the Union as the state of West Virginia on June
20, 1863. Four slave states decided to stay in the Union:
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Although divided in
their loyalties, a combination of political maneuvering and Union
military pressure kept these states from seceding.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11: 2008: #DOTD: #RIP: Sir Edmund
Percival Hillary KG ONZ KBE, New Zealand mountaineer, explorer,
and philanthropist (b. July 20, 1919) #dies of heart failure at
Auckland City Hospital in Auckland, New Zealand. Flags were
lowered to half-mast on New Zealand public buildings and at Scott
Base in Antarctica, and the Prime Minister, Helen Clark, called
Hillary's death a "profound loss to New Zealand". On
January 21, Hillary's casket was taken into Holy Trinity
Cathedral, Auckland, to lie in state. A state funeral was held on
January 22, 2008, after which his body was cremated. On February
29, 2008, most of his ashes were scattered in Auckland's Hauraki
Gulf per his desire. The remainder went to a Nepalese monastery
near Everest; a plan to scatter them on the summit was cancelled
in 2010. Edmund Hillary was born Edmund Percival Hillary in
Auckland, New Zealand. Edmund Hillary and Sherpa mountaineer
Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers confirmed to have reached
the summit of Mount Everest on May 29, 1953. They were part of the
ninth British expedition to Everest, led by John Hunt. From 1985
to 1988 he served as New Zealand's High Commissioner to India and
Bangladesh and concurrently as Ambassador to Nepal. Hillary became
interested in mountaineering while in secondary school. He made
his first major climb in 1939, reaching the summit of Mount
Ollivier. He served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a
navigator during World War II and was wounded in an accident.
Prior to the Everest expedition, Hillary had been part of the
British reconnaissance expedition to the mountain in 1951 as well
as an unsuccessful attempt to climb Cho Oyu in 1952. As part of
the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition he reached the South
Pole overland in 1958. He subsequently reached the North Pole,
making him the first person to reach both poles and summit
Everest. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people of
the 20th century. Beginning in 1960, Hillary devoted himself to
assisting the Sherpa people of Nepal through the Himalayan Trust,
which he established. His efforts are credited with the
construction of many schools and hospitals in Nepal. Hillary had
numerous honours conferred upon him, including the Order of the
Garter in 1995.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Vietnam: The Ten Thousand Day War TV Series DVD, Video Download,
USB
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 2013: #DOTD: Nguyen Khanh,
South Vietnamese general and politician who served in various
capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam
while at the head of a military junta from January 1964 until
February 1965 (b. November 8, 1927) #dies of pneumonia and
end-stage renal failure at a hospital in San Jose, California,
aged 83. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. Khanh was
born in Tra Vinh in the Mekong Delta region in the far south of
Vietnam. He was involved in or against many coup attempts, failed
and successful, from 1960 until his defeat and exile from South
Vietnam in 1965. Khanh lived out his later years with his family
in exile in the United States.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: NBC
University Theater Of The Air Literature Radio Series MP3 DVD USB
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1928: #DOTD: #RIP: Thomas
Hardy, English novelist and poet (b. June 2, 1840) #dies at his
self-designed and built home, Max Gate, in Dorchester, Dorset,
England, just after 9 pm of "cardiac syncope" (loss of
blood flow), with "old age" given as a contributory
factor, having fallen ill with Pleurisy in December 1927. His
funeral was on January 16 at Westminster Abbey, and it proved a
controversial occasion because Hardy had wished for his body to be
interred at Stinsford in the same grave as his first wife, Emma.
His family and friends concurred; however, his executor, Sir
Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, insisted that he be placed in the
abbey's famous Poets' Corner. A compromise was reached whereby his
heart was buried at Stinsford with Emma, and his ashes in Poets'
Corner. Hardy's estate at death was valued at 95,418 Pounds
Sterling (equivalent to 5.8M Pounds Sterling in 2019). Thomas
Hardy was born in Higher Bockhampton (then Upper Bockhampton), a
hamlet in the parish of Stinsford to the east of Dorchester in
Dorset, England. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George
Eliot, Thomas Hardy he was influenced both in his novels and in
his poetry by Romanticism, including the poetry of William
Wordsworth. He was highly critical of much in Victorian society,
especially on the declining status of rural people in Britain,
such as those from his native South West England. While Hardy
wrote poetry throughout his life and regarded himself primarily as
a poet, his first collection was not published until 1898.
Initially, he gained fame as the author of novels such as Far from
the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess
of the d'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895). During
his lifetime, Hardy's poetry was acclaimed by younger poets
(particularly the Georgians) who viewed him as a mentor. After his
death his poems were lauded by Ezra Pound, W. H. Auden and Philip
Larkin. Many of his novels concern tragic characters struggling
against their passions and social circumstances, and they are
often set in the semi-fictional region of Wessex; initially based
on the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom, Hardy's Wessex eventually
came to include the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset,
Devon, Hampshire and much of Berkshire, in southwest and south
central England. Two of his novels, Tess of the d'Urbervilles and
Far from the Madding Crowd, were listed in the top 50 on the BBC's
survey The Big Read. Hardy was horrified by the destruction caused
by the First World War, pondering that "I do not think a
world in which such fiendishness is possible to be worth the
saving" and "better to let western 'civilization'
perish, and let the black and yellow races have a chance." He
wrote to John Galsworthy that "the exchange of international
thought is the only possible salvation for the world."
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Montparnasse Revisited: The Genius That Was Paris DVD, MP4, USB
Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1979: #DOTD: #RIP:
Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German-French art historian, art
collector, and one of the most notable French art dealers of the
20th century (b. June 25, 1884) #dies in Paris, aged 94. His
burial details are not publicly disclosed. Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
was born in Mannheim, Baden, Germany to a prosperous Jewish
family. He became prominent as an art gallery owner in Paris
beginning in 1907 and was among the first champions of Pablo
Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubist movement in art. Although
revered by artists for his business and aesthetic sense and
respected by art dealers and art historians, the true impact of
his life and work has yet to be recognized, despite a 1988
biography by Pierre Assouline. Kahnweiler grew up in Stuttgart and
was trained to study finance and philosophy. His upbringing and
education at a German Gymnasium prepared him for his life as an
art connoisseur and pragmatic businessman. Early employment in the
family business of stock brokerage in Germany and Paris gave way
to an interest in art collecting while Kahnweiler was still in his
twenties. He opened his first small art gallery (4 by 4 meters) in
Paris in 1907 at 28 rue Vignon, at age 23. There was a family
precedent for such an enterprise, since his uncle, who ran a
famous stock brokerage house in London, was a major art collector
of traditional English art works and furniture. Kahnweiler is
considered to have been one of the greatest supporters of the
Cubist art movement through his activities as an art dealer and
spokesman for artists. He was among the first people to recognize
the importance and beauty of Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
and immediately wanted to buy it along with all of Picasso's
works. Picasso wrote of Kahnweiler, "What would have become
of us if Kahnweiler hadn't had a business sense?"
Kahnweiler's appreciation of Picasso's talents was especially
gratifying to the artist, since he was largely unknown and
destitute at the time when many of his most famous works were
created. In his gallery, Kahnweiler supported many of the great
artists of his time who found themselves without adequate
recognition and little or no interest among collectors. Initial
purchases included works by Kees van Dongen, Andre Derain, Andre
Masson, Fernand Leger, Georges Braque, Juan Gris, Maurice de
Vlaminck and several other artists of the same generation. To use
his own word, Kahnweiler wanted to "defend" great
artists, but only those who had no dealers and of whose talents he
was convinced. Rather than exhibiting appealing works by
established artists from the past and present, Kahnweiler
championed burgeoning artists who had come from all over the globe
to live and work in Montparnasse and Montmartre at the time. Thus
Paul Cezanne, although a great artist, was considered too old to
be represented, and his work was already represented by the dealer
Ambroise Vollard in any case. Along with such men as Alfred
Flechtheim, Paul Cassirer, Daniel Wildenstein, Leonce Rosenberg
and Paul Rosenberg, Kahnweiler was one of the influential art
connoisseurs of the 20th century. As a businessman, Kahnweiler
pioneered many new methods of working with artists and art
dealing; these are now established practices in the industry. In
1907, when there were only half a dozen viable galleries in Paris,
he made contracts with artists to buy all of their work in order
to free them from financial worries and permit them to concentrate
on their creative work. He met with them daily to discuss their
work, photographed each work they produced (he felt it imperative
to have a record), held exhibitions of their work and promoted
their work internationally. Since he considered himself friends
with many of them, he co-owned little sailing boats with his
artists. As part of his activities in promoting the work of
emerging artists, Kahnweiler sponsored the first exhibition of the
work of Georges Braque. He encouraged the practice of publishing
Beaux Livres (beautiful books), in which a contemporary artist
would illustrate a work of a contemporary writer. He expanded his
presentations by bringing together artists, writers and poets to
produce their works as a joint project in more than 40 books.
Picasso, for example, illustrated the works of Max Jacob. As a
publisher of art with literary works, he had no equal, and was the
first to sponsor publications by Max Jacob, Guillaume Apollinaire,
Andre Masson, Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso, and many others. In
doing so, he launched many literary careers. Kahnweiler's
entrepreneurial abilities were so acute that by the 1950s his art
gallery was among the top 100 French companies in terms of export
figures. Although the financial support for artists was an
important contribution to art history, he was also a significant
figure for his work as an art historian and eyewitness to the
emergence of Cubism during the period 1907-1914. When working in
Paris, his spare time was devoted to reading and understanding the
history of art and aesthetics. He also spent his time visiting the
city's museums and art galleries. Besides the museums in Paris, he
took trips around the European continent to see what was being
shown in museums and art galleries outside France. He gave his
first interview on Cubism in 1912, and it was actual historical
events that led to his career as a historian. There is a view that
Kahnweiler's sensibility was such that his gallery, and the way he
styled and developed it, was as much a Cubist gallery as were the
paintings by Picasso and the other Cubist painters. The gallery
had a clear aesthetic position, uncompromising integrity,
financial stability and creative development. During the years
1907-1914 his gallery was a central cradle for Cubism, not only to
display the works, but where one also met the artists.
Concurrently, the primary means for avant-garde painters and
sculptors to show their works to a wider audience remained the
Salon des Independants and the Salon d'Automne. Kahnweiler forbade
his 'gallery Cubists' from exhibiting at these major Salons, and
by so doing, actually removed them from public view. From the
viewpoint of the general public, Cubism came to be more associated
with the 'Salon Cubists', such as Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes,
Fernand Leger, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Marcel
Duchamp and Francis Picabia. The outbreak of World War I in 1914
not only ruptured the Cubist experiments in art, but also forced
Kahnweiler to live in exile in Switzerland; due to his German
citizenship, he was considered an alien under French law. Many
German nationals living in France had their possessions
sequestered by the French state, and as a result, Kahnweiler's
collection was confiscated in 1914 and sold by the government in a
series of auctions at the Hotel Drouot between 1921 and 1923.
During the years of exile (until 1920), Kahnweiler studied and
wrote works such as the Der Weg zum Kubismus and Confessions
esthetiques. Writing becoming a passion he continued over his
lifetime, and he authored hundreds of books and major articles.
The second period of enforced writing came during a period of
internal exile caused by the events of World War II. As a Jew, the
Nazis forced him to flee Paris. He remained in France, in hiding.
"Under the clouds from the gas chambers," as he put it
in his seminal work on Juan Gris. Kahnweiler was very prolific as
an author, but never produced a full autobiography. There was,
however, a series of interviews first aired on French television,
then published and translated as a book under the title Mes
galleries et mes peintres ("My galleries and my painters").
For his 80th birthday, a Festschrift was published with
contributions by the world's leading philosophers, art historians,
and artists, all of whom emphasized the vital importance of his
unique contribution to art history - an importance still not yet
fully appreciated, probably due to the fact that he has been
viewed mostly as an art dealer and not as an art historian. This
situation has been aggravated because some of his major works on
aesthetics were either never translated into English or badly
translated. The omission of key elements of a proper understanding
of Cubism and focus on small and sensational elements of his
complex relationship with Picasso has led to a flawed
understanding of the ideas he put forward in these writings.
https://store.earthstation1.com/montparnasse-revisted-the-genius-that-was-paris-3-dvd3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Montparnasse Revisited: The Genius That Was Paris DVD, MP4, USB
Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1966: #DOTD: #RIP: Alberto
Giacometti, Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker, one
of the most important sculptors of the 20th century (b. October
10, 1901) #dies of heart disease (pericarditis) and Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the Kantonsspital in Chur,
Switzerland, aged_64. His body was returned to his birthplace in
Borgonovo, where he was interred close to his parents. Beginning
in 1922, he lived and worked mainly in the Montparnasse section of
Paris but regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his
family and work on his art. His work was particularly influenced
by artistic styles such as Cubism and Surrealism. Philosophical
questions about the human condition, as well as existential and
phenomenological debates played a significant role in his work.
Around 1935 he gave up on his Surrealistic influences in order to
pursue a more deepened analysis of figurative compositions.
Giacometti wrote texts for periodicals and exhibition catalogues
and recorded his thoughts and memories in notebooks and diaries.
His self-critical nature led to great doubts about his work and
his ability to do justice to his own artistic ideas but acted as a
great motivating force. Between 1938 and 1944 Giacometti's
sculptures had a maximum height of seven centimeters (2.75
inches). Their small size reflected the actual distance between
the artist's position and his model. In this context he
self-critically stated: "But wanting to create from memory
what I had seen, to my terror the sculptures became smaller and
smaller". After the war, Giacometti created his most famous
sculptures: his extremely tall and slender figurines. These
sculptures were subject to his individual viewing
experience-between an imaginary yet real, a tangible yet
inaccessible space. In Giacometti's whole body of work, his
painting constitutes only a small part. After 1957, however, his
figurative paintings were equally as present as his sculptures.
His almost monochromatic paintings of his late work do not refer
to any other artistic styles of modernity.
https://store.earthstation1.com/montparnasse-revisted-the-genius-that-was-paris-3-dvd3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock!
UK: British Invasion Rock Documentary DVD, Download, Flash Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1945: #BOTD: #HBD! Tony Kaye,
English keyboardist, best known as a founding member of the
progressive rock band Yes, is #born Anthony John Selvidge in
Leicester, England into a musical family. Kaye was classically
trained and intended to become a concert pianist before he
developed an interest in jazz and contemporary rock and pop music.
He joined several groups through the 1960s, including the
Federals, Johnny Taylor's Star Combo, Jimmy Winston & His
Reflections, and Bittersweet. From 1968 to 1971, Kaye was a member
of Yes and played on their first three albums. He then formed
Badger and relocated to Los Angeles in 1974, after which he toured
with David Bowie and joined Detective. Kaye then played in
Badfinger and is featured on their final studio album in 1981. He
returned to Yes in 1983 for their most commercially successful
period before he left in 1994. Kaye has since been involved with
several projects with Billy Sherwood and is a current member of
CIRCA:. From 2009 to 2011, the two were also members of the
supergroup Yoso with members of Toto. In 2017, Kaye was inducted
into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.
https://store.earthstation1.com/rock-uk-british-invasion-rock-1960s119601980.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Hollywood (1980) Silent Movie History Series DVD, Video Download,
USB
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1927: Film (Motion Pictures):
The History Of The Film Industry (The History Of The Motion
Picture Industry): The Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And
Sciences: -- Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of The Academy
Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles,
California. The Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences
(AMPAS, also known as simply the Academy) is a professional
honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts
and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy is known around the
world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially and popularly
known as "The Oscars". The Academy's corporate
management and general policies are overseen by a Board of
Governors, which includes representatives from each of the craft
branches.
hhttps://store.earthstation1.com/hollywood-1980-tv-documentary-series-13-shows-4-dual-lay1980134.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Johnny
Jupiter 1950s Childrens TV Sci-Fi Puppet Show DVD, MP4, USB
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1923: #BOTD: #HBD! Wright
King, American sailor, film and television actor whose career
lasted from 1949 until 1987 (d. November 25, 2018) is #born Thomas
Wright Thornburg King in Okmulgee in east central Oklahoma. King
is best known for playing Duckweather on Johnny Jupiter (ABC
version, 1953-1954) and for playing Jason Nichols in the
television series Wanted Dead or Alive (1958-1961). He studied
acting at the St Louis School of Theater, from which he graduated
in 1941, before enlisting in the United States Navy during World
War II, in which he served in the South Pacific campaign from 1943
to 1945. King made his small screen debut in 1949 as Midshipman
Bascomb in the television series, Captain Video and His Video
Rangers. Throughout his career, he worked in both the United
States and in the United Kingdom. King was cast in numerous
westerns and is particularly known for his role in the 1951 film
adaptation of Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire,
starring Vivien Leigh (whom his character kisses). Prior to that,
he had appeared in the original stage production, a performance
which was lauded by drama critic Harold Hobson. In 1958 King
appeared as The Kiowa Kid/Nevada Jones on the TV western Cheyenne
in the episode "Ghost of the Cimarron.". In 1957 King
starred as Joe Digger, a falsely accused horse thief who was hung
but saved, then hung again after he killed one of his original
hangers in the Gunsmoke episode "Born To Hang". King
also appeared in eleven episodes of the television series Wanted
Dead or Alive starring Steve McQueen, often playing a young
sidekick named Jason Nichols. Other noteworthy film credits
included roles in Cast a Long Shadow (1959), King Rat (1965),
Planet of the Apes (1968), Finian's Rainbow (1968) and Invasion of
the Bee Girls (1973). In 1974, he played U.S. Senator Richard B.
Russell Jr. of Georgia in the TV movie The Missiles of October, a
dramatization of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. He appeared in
the television series Johnny Jupiter, was in two episodes of the
TV series The Silent Service (S01 E10 "The Pampanito"
and S01 E20 "The Squailfish") and was the partner of
Steve McQueen for several episodes during a season of Wanted Dead
or Alive. He appeared with Richard Boone in Have Gun Will Travel
in the episodes "Helen of Abajinan" and "A Knight
to Remember". King married June Ellen Roth in 1948. The
couple had their first child the next year. Wright King died in
Canoga Park, Los Angeles at the age of 95.
https://store.earthstation1.com/johnny-jupiter-1950s-childrens-tv-scifi-puppet-show-dvd-mp19504.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Props
And Jets: Fighter Aces Of World War II DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1983: #DOTD: Gerhard
Barkhorn, German military aviator and wing commander in the
Luftwaffe during World War II, the second most successful fighter
ace of all time (b. March 20, 1919) #dies of internal injuries
sustained in a car accident that occured two days earlier. On
January 6, 1983, Barkhorn was driving his wife Christl and their
friend Reichsfreiherr Walter Von Loe on a wintry highway close to
the interchange Frechen, near Cologne, when they were involved in
a serious car accident which was not Barkhorn's fault. Christl was
thrown from the vehicle and killed instantly, while Barkhorn and
Von Loe were taken to a nearby hospital. Although Barkhorn had
sustained severe internal injuries, he was still conscious when he
arrived at the hospital. He asked the doctor about his wife, and
learned that she had not survived the accident. Shortly
afterwards, he fell into a coma. Von Loe died two days later,
without regaining consciousness. On January 14, Barkhorn and his
wife were buried in Tegernsee. He was given a military funeral,
with many senior officers of the Bundesluftwaffe in attendance.
Oberst Gert Overhoff, the Geschwaderkommodore of JaBoG 31
"Boelcke", carried his military decorations pillow.
Generalleutnant Obleser, the Inspector of the Air Force, and
Steinhoff gave a eulogy. Gerhard "Gerd" Barkhorn was the
second most successful fighter pilot of all time after fellow
pilot Erich Hartmann. Other than Hartmann, Barkhorn is the only
fighter ace to ever exceed 300 claimed victories. Following World
War II, he became a high-ranking officer in the German Air Force
of the Federal Republic of Germany. Born in the Weimar Republic in
1919, Barkhorn joined the Luftwaffe in 1937 and completed his
training in 1939. Barkhorn flew his first combat missions during
the "Phoney War" and then the Battle Of Britain without
shooting down any aircraft. Flying with Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG
52-52nd Fighter Wing), he claimed his first victory in July 1941
and his total rose steadily against Soviet Air Forces. In March
1942, Barkhorn was appointed squadron leader of 4. Staffel (4th
squadron) of JG 52 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron
Cross in August 1942. He was given command of II Gruppe (2nd
group) of JG 52 in September 1943. Barkhorn was awarded the second
highest decoration in the Wehrmacht when he received the Knight's
Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords for 250 aerial
victories. Barkhorn flew 1,104 combat sorties and was credited
with 301 victories on the Eastern Front piloting the Messerschmitt
Bf 109. In January 1945, he left JG 52 on the Eastern Front and
joined Jagdgeschwader 6 (JG 6-6th Fighter Wing) as
Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander), defending Germany from
Western Allied air attack. In April 1945, he joined Galland's
Jagdverband 44 (JV 44-44th Fighter Detachment) and surrendered to
the Western Allies in May 1945 and was released later that year.
https://store.earthstation1.com/props-and-jets-fighter-aces-of-world-war-ii-dvd-mp4-us4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Air
Combat Aerial Warfare Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1988: #DOTD: #RIP: Pappy
Boyington, American colonel and combat pilot who was a United
States Marine Corps fighter ace during World War II, recipient of
the Medal Of Honor and the Navy Cross (b. December 4, 1912) #dies
of cancer at age 75, in Fresno, California. Boyington is buried at
Arlington National Cemetery. His January 15 interment included
full military honors accorded to a Medal Of Honor recipient,
including a missing man fly-by conducted by the F-4 Phantom IIs of
VMFA-321 "Hells Angels" of the Marine Air Reserve
Training Detachment based at the Naval Air Facility located on
Andrews Air Force Base. Before his flight from Fresno, VMA-214
(the current incarnation of the Black Sheep Squadron) did a flyby.
They intended to perform a missing man formation, but one of the
four aircraft suffered a mechanical problem. After the burial
service for Boyington, one of his friends, Fred Losch, looked down
at the headstone next to which he was standing, that of boxing
legend Joe Louis, and remarked that "Ol' Pappy wouldn't have
to go far to find a good fight." He was born Gregory
Boyington in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Boyington was initially a US
Marine Corps aviator with the Pacific fleet before being recruited
by the legendary "Flying Tigers" (1st American Volunteer
Group) in the Republic Of China Air Force in Burma at the end of
1941 and part of 1942, during the military conflict between China
and Japan, and the beginning of World War II. In September 1942,
he rejoined the Marine Corps (he had been an aviator before the
war). In early 1943, he deployed to the South Pacific and began
flying combat missions as a Marine F4U Corsair fighter pilot. In
September 1943, he took command of U.S. Marine Corps fighter
squadron VMF-214 ("Black Sheep"). In January 1944,
Boyington, outnumbered by Japanese "Zero" planes, was
shot down into the Pacific Ocean after downing one of the enemy
planes. He was captured by a Japanese submarine crew and was held
as a prisoner of war for more than a year and a half. He was
released shortly after the surrender of Japan, and a few days
before the official surrender documents were signed. The
television series Baa Baa Black Sheep was inspired by Boyington
and his men in the "Black Sheep" squadron. It ran for
two seasons in the late 1970s.
https://store.earthstation1.com/air-combat-all-13-aerial-warfare-history-tv-shows-collecti13.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An
Ocean Apart: US-UK Relations TV Series + Profumo Affair MP4 DVD
Set
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1926: #BOTD: Yevgeny Ivanov,
naval attache Captain and GRU (Soviet military intelligence) spy
at the Soviet Embassy in London during the early 1960s, whose
affair with dancer, model and courtesan Christine Keeler resulted
in another of her lovers, Britsh Secretary Of State For War John
Profumo, resigning from the United Kingdom government in what
became known as The Profumo Affair (d. January 17, 1994) is #born
Yevgeny Mikhailovich Ivanov in Pskov, Northwest Russia, the son of
an army officer. He joined the Red Navy in 1944. Ivanov
subsequently served as a gunnery specialist in the Far East and
Black Sea fleets. He underwent training with the GRU before being
posted to London on March 27, 1960 as Soviet assistant naval
attache. Ivanov was accompanied to Britain by his wife Maya,
daughter of Soviet state and party leader Alexander Gorkin, at
that time Chairman (1957-1972) of The Supreme Court Of The USSR
(previously Secretary Of The Presidium Of The Supreme Soviet Of
The Soviet Union [1938-1953 and 1956-1957] , Hero of Socialist
Labour [1967]). Ivanov's English was described as competent and
the Russian couple were reportedly popular in diplomatic social
circles. However MI5 documents declassified and released in
October 2022 described him as a heavy drinker and reckless driver
who harassed female guests at parties. A complaint to the Soviet
Embassy was considered by the Foreign Office but British
Intelligence had hopes of turning the attache into a double agent.
Ivanov became friendly with celebrity osteopath and pimp Stephen
Ward after being introduced to him by the managing editor of the
Daily Telegraph during lunch at the Garrick Club. MI5 saw Ivanov
as a potential defector and asked Ward to try to convince him to
shift his allegiance to the United Kingdom. MI5 approached Stephen
Ward to act as their operative in a honey pot operation to ensnare
Ivanov into a compromising sexual relationship with one of his
courtesans in order to blackmail him into becoming a double agent;
it would rather result in Ward becoming an operative of Ivanov, as
both Ward and Ivanov are said to have asked Keeler to quiz Profumo
about when American nuclear missiles would be taken to then-West
Germany. On the weekend of July 8-9, 1961, Ivanov was at a pool
party at the Cliveden estate to spring the honey pot trap when
instead John Profumo, the British Secretary of State for War,
there first met Christine Keeler and became smitten with her; the
result was that Keeler became involved in an affair with Profumo
at the same time she was also having sex with Ivanov. This was at
a time when Cold War tensions were already high, just 15 months
before the Cuban Missile Crisis. When the Profumo affair became
openly public in early June 1963, just three months after Profumo
had lied in the House of Commons by denying an affair with Keeler,
the ensuing scandal of Britain's war minister having an affair
with the mistress of a Soviet spy resulted in several far-reaching
consequences. On a personal level, Ivanov's relationship with
Keeler caused Maya to leave him, while the Kremlin failed to show
him much recognition. The double rejection led to Ivanov drinking
heavily for some time afterwards. Ward took an overdose of
barbiturates on the evening of July 30, 1963, just hours after a
damning summing up by the judge at his trial on charges of living
off the immoral earnings (i.e. prostitution) of Keeler and Mandy
Rice-Davies. Ward slipped into a coma and was rushed to hospital;
he was found guilty in absentia on July 31, but died on August 3
before sentence could be passed. Ivanov was recalled to Moscow on
January 22, 1963, prior to the Profumo affair becoming public
knowledge, after the Soviet government had sensed a potential
scandal involving MI5. Upon returning to the Soviet Union, Ivanov
seemingly "disappeared" in the eyes of the international
community by keeping a very low profile for the next 29 years,
while he had actually continued his naval career, being assigned
to the Black Sea Fleet, before publishing his memoirs in 1992. It
is not known whether Ivanov continued to work with the GRU but he
was reportedly awarded The Order Of Lenin late in his career.
Ivanov's partially ghost-written memoirs The Naked Spy were
published in 1992. In the book Ivanov stated that he had been able
to obtain significant military intelligence by accessing British
political circles. However he claimed that his GRU seniors
remained unaware of his relationship with Keeler until the story
broke in the UK, since he saw no need to report upon a private
relationship. Yevgeny Ivanov died aged 68, found dead in his
Moscow flat shortly after he appeared in the A & E documentary
series 1993 episode of SPIES on the Profumo Affair, THE HONEY
TRAP, to discuss his involvement in the scandal; Keeler then met
with him in Moscow, and just after that, he was found dead. His
burial details are not publicly disclosed. Peter Sellers portrayed
Ivanov on British audio musical comedy album Fool Britannia (1963)
with Joan Collins and Anthony Newley. Ivanov was portrayed by
Jeroen Krabbe in the 1989 film Scandal, by Ian Conningham in
Andrew Lloyd Webber's stage musical Stephen Ward The Musical,
which opened at the Aldwych Theatre on December 19, 2013. and by
Visar Vishka, a Yugoslavian-born actor, in the 2019 BBC TV drama
series, The Trial of Christine Keeler.
https://store.earthstation1.com/an-ocean-apart-us-uk-relations-tv-series-profumo-affair-mp4-dvd-set.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Fidel
Castro Documentaries MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, January 11, 2026January 11, 1980: #DOTD: Celia Sanchez,
Cuban revolutionary, politician, researcher and archivist, key
member of the Cuban Revolution and the closest and most trusted
colleague and advisor of Fidel Castro. (b. May 9, 1920) #dies of
lung cancer during a time of political and economic unrest at an
undisclosed location; her legacy is embedded in the Cuban national
identity; as a result, Castro began a slow period of apparent
mental, emotional, spiritual and political decline. Castro
commemorated her life by proclaiming her symbol to the Revolution.
He stated in a speech outside the hospital dedicated to her: "I
truly believe that this is the best form of tribute to pay to
someone who dedicated herself to duty, without resting for a
moment, without forgetting one single detail; and I believe,
sincerely, that this is the most heartfelt, profound and
revolutionary homage that one can give to a compatriot who gave
her life for the Revolution." Many commemorate her crucial
role in the revolution by putting her name on schools, hospitals,
and various community centers, from Cuba to Zimbabwe. People of
Manzanillo use the altar of the Caridad del Cobra Virgin as a
marriage altar signifying her dedication to the Cuban Revolution.
The monument is as if Celia Sanchez is wearing a dress, stiff and
enormous, like the jeweled dress worn by the Caridad Virgin. A
memorial to and mausoleum for Celia Sanchez was built in Parque
Lenin, a recreational park complex situated south of Havana;
however, as of November 2014 the remains of Celia Sanchez are
interred in the Colon Cemetery, Havana. The Celia Sanchez Memorial
in Manzanillo also honors her name, and her face appears in the
watermark on Cuban peso banknotes. Cuba continued to honor Sanchez
achievements; ten years after her death, they created a coin with
the value of 10 pesos (1990). Furthermore, Celia's memory has had
a large impact far beyond the remembrance of one woman in the
Cuban Revolution but rather encompasses the standards of the new
Cuban national identity. Celia Sanchez paved the way for the
idealism for Cuba's new woman by showing women's capabilities in
the leadership, care taking and physical labor. Simplicity,
modesty, femininity, selflessness, austerity and devotion are some
of the key personal traits attributed of Celia Sanchez; however,
these virtues are also attributed to the ideal of Cuba's new
woman. Celia Sanchez remains a symbol to Cuban society that women
are capable of balancing physical labor with care taking, strength
with femininity and leadership with modesty. Several varieties of
Cuban banknotes depict Celia Sanchez as a watermark security
feature. Sanchez was born in Media Luna, Oriente, Cuba, but
eventually moved to Pilon, Cuba. Her father, Dr. Manuel Sanchez,
was a doctor, and she grew up in relative affluence. Her mother,
Acacia, died early in her childhood. At age six she started
suffering with neurosis. She was one of eight children. She was
well-educated but never attended university. After high school,
Sanchez continuously helped with her father's practice until she
began to focus on the Cuban Revolution alongside Fidel Castro. Her
father's occupation as a doctor and working with him provided her
with a cover and connections to become a discreet member of the
26th Of July Movement. Sanchez was one of the founders of the
Cuban revolution and considered to be a heroine who would, later
on, continue to serve in office as secretary to the presidency of
the Council of Ministers and in the Department of Services of the
Council of State. Sanchez joined the Cuban Revolution following
the US-fostered 1952 Cuban Doup D'Etat, when The Cuban
Constitutional Army, led by Fulgencio Batista, intervened in the
election that was scheduled to be held on June 1, 1952 and staged
a coup that established a de facto military dictatorship in the
country with Fulgencio Batista as dictator, a coup referred to in
Cuba as The Batistazo. She was the founder of The 26th Of July
Movement in Manzanillo. She started as an arms runner, later began
working as a combatant in the Cuban Revolution. She was considered
to be the first female guerilla of the Sierra Maestra. With her
hard work within the movement, she became the first woman to join
the guerillas and eventually become a part of the rebel army's
general staff. Sanchez organized and planned the landing of the
Granma, the yacht used to transport 82 fighters of The Cuban
Revolution from Mexico to Cuba in November 1956 to overthrow
Batista, as well as supplying the army with reinforcements. She
worked alongside Frank Pais and Haydee Santamaria. Together with
Frank Pais, she was one of the first women to assemble a combat
squad. She made arrangements throughout the southwest coast region
of Cuba for the Granma landing, and was responsible for organizing
reinforcements once the revolutionaries landed. In 1957, she
became the first woman to join the guerrilla army and served as a
messenger. She would place telegrams inside a butterfly flower, so
the messages remained secret. As a member of the general staff of
the Rebel Army she supplied Che Guevara and others with weapons
and occasionally with food and medical supplies. During the mid to
late 1960s, Rene Vallejo, Castro's physician since 1958, and
Sanchez became the Cuban leader's two closest companions. Sanchez
was bestowed with the title of Secretary to the Presidency of the
Council of Ministers and served in the Department of Services of
the Council of State until her death. Sanchez archived many
documents, letters and notes of the revolution, leading to the
creation in 1964 of Oficina de Asuntos Historicos del Consejo de
Estado, an institution for the preservation of historical
documents. The historical documents within the institution
included interviews from soldiers who fought in the guerrilla as
well as letters, writings and photos. This collection of primary
sources has served as the country's official archive about the
Cuban Revolution. By the Cuban people, the archive has been known
as El Fondo De Celia (Spanish: "The Background Of Celia").
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